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How to Apply for Full Custody of Your Child in Pakistan?

A frequent question from parents following separation or divorce is how to obtain full custody of their child. In cases where parents haven’t reached a custody agreement, the matter is determined by the court, not by any customary practice or assumption. Custody does not automatically pass to a parent upon separation or divorce, and even when one parent initially retains custody, full legal custody must be granted by the court to ensure stability and security for the child. This article explains the process for a parent already caring for the child to obtain full custody through Pakistan’s court system.

Potential Custody Outcomes Post-Separation

After separation or divorce, custody arrangements typically fall into one of three categories:

1. Parents reach a mutual agreement, and one parent voluntarily grants custody to the other.

2. Custody is retained by one parent, often through informal support from family or authorities.

3. Parents agree on a joint custody arrangement.

Regardless of the initial custody arrangement, a non-custodial parent may attempt to take the child without permission, which can lead to legal conflicts. In some cases, a non-custodial parent may even take the child abroad, creating significant challenges for the custodial parent and disrupting the child's stability. Formalizing custody through the court prevents such issues and clarifies legal rights.

Steps to Obtain Full Custody of a Child After Separation or Divorce

Child custody disputes are handled by the Guardian Court under the Guardian and Ward Act, 1890. Under Section 7 of the Act, a parent who has initial custody of a child can apply for a Guardian Certificate, which serves several critical purposes:

1. Establishing Legal Custody: By applying, the custodial parent shows the court that the child has genuinely been in their care and that they have built a close emotional bond with the child, supporting the best interests of the minor.

2. Preventing Custody Interference: Once the Guardian Court issues the Guardian Certificate, it legally protects the custodial parent from the non-custodial parent attempting to take the child. If the non-custodial parent disregards the court's decision, they can face contempt charges and be required to return the child.

3. Enabling Legal Documentation:With a Guardian Certificate, a custodial parent (especially the mother) does not need the father’s consent to obtain essential identification documents like the child’s CNIC, passport, or birth certificate. It also allows for international travel with the child without requiring further permissions.

If you are navigating a custody dispute or seeking full custody of your child, consult an experienced family lawyer to guide you through this process and help protect your rights.

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Court for Filing a Petition for Guardian Certificate

To obtain a Guardian Certificate for a minor, the application must be filed in the Guardian Court located in the jurisdiction where the minor currently or permanently resides.

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Information Required in the Guardian Certificate Application

Minor’s Information: Full name, gender, date of birth, and current address. If Married: For a female minor, the name and age of her husband, if applicable.
Property Details: Description, location, and estimated value of any property owned by the minor.
Custodian’s Information: Name and address of the person currently responsible for the minor or their property.
Close Relatives: Names and residences of close family members.
Existing Guardians: Information on any legally appointed guardian or anyone claiming a legal entitlement to guardianship.
Previous Applications: If any previous guardianship applications were filed, details of the court, date, and outcome.

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Duration of the Proceedings

Experienced custody lawyers can typically secure the Guardian Certificate within 4–5 months, depending on the complexity of the case and if any factual disputes arise requiring extensive evidence.

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Our Services

At Burhan & Associates, our team of expert custody lawyers carefully reviews the specifics of each case to formulate the most effective strategy for obtaining a Guardian Certificate in the shortest possible time. Contact us for a consultation.

FAQs

To apply for full custody, a parent needs to file a custody petition in the family court of the jurisdiction where they reside. The petition should explain why full custody is in the child’s best interest, citing factors such as the child's welfare, the parent's ability to provide care, and any concerns regarding the other parent.

Courts in Pakistan prioritize the child’s welfare and well-being over all else. Grounds for full custody may include proof of the other parent’s unfitness, such as inability to care for the child, abuse, neglect, or substance misuse. The court evaluates each case individually, considering the best environment for the child’s growth.

Yes, mothers often get custody of young children, especially under 7 years for sons and until puberty for daughters. However, to secure full custody beyond these ages, the mother must prove that this arrangement serves the child’s best interests, and she should be prepared to demonstrate her ability to support and care for them.

A father can apply for full custody by submitting a petition to the family court, stating reasons why full custody would be in the child's best interest. Common grounds include concerns about the mother’s ability to care for the child, the father’s stable environment, or situations where the child’s well-being may be at risk.

Yes, if the child is mature enough—typically around 12-14 years—courts may consider their preferences, though this does not solely determine the outcome. The child's opinion is weighed along with other factors, like the parent’s stability and capacity to care for the child.

Yes, full or sole custody can be awarded while granting the other parent visitation rights. Courts recognize the importance of the child’s relationship with both parents, so even if full custody is granted, visitation may still be arranged unless it is shown to be harmful to the child.

Evidence that supports a full custody claim includes financial stability, a supportive environment, the parent’s moral character, and proof of the child’s welfare under the applicant’s care. If the other parent has issues like addiction or past neglect, presenting evidence such as witness statements, financial records, or medical reports can strengthen the case.

Yes, a parent residing abroad can petition for full custody, but they must demonstrate that living with them abroad serves the child’s best interest. Courts may require additional guarantees regarding the child’s access to both parents and the impact of relocation on the child's life.

Yes, custody arrangements can be revisited if circumstances change. Either parent can file a request to modify custody, and the court will assess whether the change serves the child’s best interests. Common reasons include relocation, changes in financial stability, or concerns about the current environment.

Typically, documents needed include the child’s birth certificate, marriage and divorce certificates (if applicable), proof of residence, financial records, and any relevant evidence supporting the applicant's suitability as a full custodian. Legal advice is recommended to ensure all necessary documents are submitted.

While income alone does not determine custody, financial stability is a factor. A parent with the means to provide for the child’s education, healthcare, and general welfare may be seen favorably. However, emotional support and care are equally significant in the court’s assessment.

Yes, if the court deems both parents unfit, custody may be awarded to close family members like grandparents or a guardian. The court considers who can best provide for the child's well-being, stability, and care in such cases.

The family court oversees all custody matters, evaluating each case to determine the arrangement that serves the child’s best interests. This includes reviewing evidence, hearing witness testimony, and considering both parents’ circumstances before issuing a final custody order.

The time frame varies depending on case complexity and court availability. Custody cases can take several months to over a year, especially if contested. Having strong documentation and clear evidence can help expedite the process.

Yes, there are legal fees involved in filing for custody, which include court filing fees, attorney fees, and any additional costs for documentation or expert witnesses. It is advisable to consult with a family lawyer to understand the potential expenses.



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Mr Ahmed Burhan

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